​Interaction occur between living components as well as between non-living cmponents

• ​Living - living relationships

• Living - non living relationships

• Non living - non living relationships

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​The energy flows through one way stream

The solar energy which is used by green plants in photosynthesis, is stored in the food produced during this process. The energy flows from lower consumer levels to the higher consumer levels through food chains or food webs.​

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​Recycling of materials

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​The materials that the organisms receive from the environment continue to be back to the environment.

The continuous exchange of materials between the organisms and the environment is an important feature of an ecosystem.

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​An independent Unit

​Since there are constant interactions within the ecosystem it has ensured the existence in biosphere.

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​Living - living relationships

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