Chapter 3 Matter and Energy

Presenter Dr. Luis Bello

​•3.3 Classifying Matter According to Its State: Solid, Liquid, and Gas

•3.4 Classifying Matter According to Its Composition: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

•3.5 Differences in Matter: Physical and Chemical Properties

•3.6 Changes in Matter: Physical and Chemical Changes

•3.7 Conservation of Mass: There Is No New Matter

•3.8 Energy

•3.9 Energy and Chemical and Physical Change

•3.1Temperature: Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms

•3.1Temperature Changes: Heat Capacity

•3.1Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations

Heat Capacity Definition

Specific heat is defined by the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius (°C).

Chapter 4. Atoms and Elements

Presenter: Dr. Luis Bello

Source: Boundless Chemistry. Provided by: Boundless Learning. Located at: https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike

Chapter 4. Atoms and Elements

4.2 Indivisible: The Atomic Theory 

4.3 The Nuclear Atom 

4.4 The Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons 

4.5 Elements: Defined by Their Numbers of Protons 

4.6 Looking for Patterns: The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table 

4.7 Ions: Losing and Gaining Electrons 

4.8 Isotopes: When the Number of Neutrons Varies 

4.9 Atomic Mass: The Average Mass of an Element’s Atoms 

Early Ideas about Atoms

Isotopes

Calculating Average Atomic Mass

The average atomic mass of an element is the sum of the masses of its isotopes, each multiplied by its natural abundance (the decimal associated with the percent of atoms of that element that are of a given isotope).

Average atomic mass = f₁M₁ + f₂M₂ + … + f_nM_n where f is the fraction representing the natural abundance of the isotope and M is the mass number (weight) of the isotope.