Tang & Song

Song rulers grew weak and quarreled among themselves.

Arab traders took over the Silk Road trade, which undermined the Tang economy.

Tang invaders from the far north overthrew the Sui dynasty.

A Sui official led a rebellion that caused the Sui dynasty to collapse.

Liao

Li Yuan

T'ai-tsu

Wu

He was the first emperor of the Tang dynasty.

He was kidnapped by the Jurchens.

He was well-known for his love of calligraphy.

He was a ruthless Song ruler.

being a woman

being a calligrapher

being an alchemist

being a general

military defeats, rebellions, and economic troubles

crop failures, reduced exports, and weakened currency

earthquakes, economic troubles, and isolationism

rebellions, mass migrations, and military dictators

an invasion from the north and rich farmland to the south

an invasion from the south and rich farmland to the north

overland trade and urbanization

seagoing trade and urbanization

Only a few new groups migrated into or out of the region so this allowed the population to stay constant.

Tang and Song farmers produced rich soil quality, which resulted in a population boom in some regions.

The number of invaders who settled in those regions about equaled the number of Song who fled.

The gains in population from an increased food supply about equaled the losses from constant warfare.

the southeast

the northwest

the northeast

the southwest

in the northeast

in the northwest

in the southeast

in the southwest

kaifeng

ceramic

porcelain

copper

black powder

calligraphy

movable type

examination system

It helped printers learn how to use block printing.

It resulted to the publishing of more books.

It forced the Tang to open up more government schools.

It allowed scholar-officials to get teaching jobs.

They mandated that most officials came from the military.

They made the examinations easier to pass.

They opened up the system to more people

They required students to earn their degrees in three years.