Unit 2b Review

Photosynthesis takes in carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air and water (H₂O) to make glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂)

Cellular respiration then uses the glucose and oxygen to make water, oxygen, and ATP

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of plant cells and other autotrophs

Cellular Respiration takes place in the mitochondria of heterotrophs

The products of one reaction becomes the reactants of the other

All living things respond to their environment to maintain homeostasis- a balance between their internal and external environment

To do this, your cell membrane transports materials in and out of the cell

Moves molecules from a high to low concentration and does not require ATP

Diffusion- moves molecules across the membrane

Facilitated Diffusion- moves larger molecules across the membrane with the help of larger molecules

Osmosis- moves water across the membrane

Requires ATP because it is moving molecules from low to high concentration

Endocytosis- engulfing materials IN the cell

Exocytosis- releasing materials OUT of the cell

Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosome of the cell

Proteins are just chains of amino acids folded in specific structures that operate many of your body functions

Part 1- Transcription

1. In the nucleus, DNA unwinds its helix to rewrites the instructions to make proteins into mRNA - transcription

2. RNA leaves the nucleus to attach itself to the ribosome

Part 2- Translation

3. Ribosome "reads" the instructions 3 bases at a time (codon)

4. tRNA in the cytoplasm attach the correct bases that code for an amino acid

5. The amino acids form a chain of protein