Chapter 9: Section 2
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Regina Johnson
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Chapter 9: Section 2
Nationalism and Sectionalism
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Growing Nationalism
Nationalism: feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation.
Henry Clay: U.S. representative from Kentucky that supported nationalism.
Clay believed a strong economy would promote national feeling and reduce regional conflicts.
American System: series of measure intended to make the United States economically self-sufficient.
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3 Components of the American System
Pass high tariffs (taxes) on imports to protect American businesses and to increase revenues.
Re-establish a Bank of the United States (original charter had expired in 1811) in order to stabilize US currency and state banks
Develop and support internal capital improvements, primarily consisting of designing and constructing roads and canals.
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Growing Nationalism
Some members of Congress believed that the Constitution did not permit the federal government to spend money on internal improvements.
Clay argued gains would justify federal action.
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Roads and Canals
Early 1800s: roads in the US were made of dirt, making travel difficult.
Congress agreed with Clay and invested in road building.
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Roads and Canals
the Cumberland Road was the first road built by the federal goverment.
Ran from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, a town on the Ohio River in present-day West Virginia.
Construction began in 1815.
All work had to be done by hand using shovels and picks.
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Roads and Canals
The Cumberland Road was built by 1818, by 1833 the National Road expanded all the way to Columbus, Ohio.
By 1850 the National Road extended to Illinois.
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Roads and Canals
Americans tried to make water transportation easier by building canals.
Erie Canal- ran from Albany to Buffalo, NY
Construction began in 1817 and was completed in 1825.
The canal was dug by hand.
The Erie Canal allowed goods and people to move between towns on Lake Erie and New York City and the east coast.
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Era of Good Feelings
1815-1825: The Era of Good Feelings was a time of peace, pride and progress for the United States.
Two Supreme Court decisions helped emphasize national unity McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden.
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The Era of Good Feelings
1819: McCulloch v. Maryland the Supreme Court asserted the implied powers of Congress in allowing for the creation of a national bank.
1824: Gibbons v. Ogden the Supreme Court said that the states could not interfere with the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.
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Missouri Compromise
Sectionalism: disagreement between regions in the US.
1819: Congress considered Missouri's application to enter the Union as a slave state.
At the time the Union had 11 free states and 11 slave states.
Adding a slave state would benefit the south.
The House passed an amendment that Missouri would be accepted as a slave state but importing enslaved Africans into Missouri would be illegal and set free the children of Missouri slaves.
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Missouri Compromise
Amendment was rejected and Missouri was still not a state.
Missouri Compromise was proposed and Henry Clay advocated for it.
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Missouri Compromise
Despite the success of the compromise the North and South remained deeply divided over the expansion of slavery.
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The Election of 1824
Andrew Jackson won popular vote but did not have enough electoral votes to win office.
House of Representative choose John Quincy Adams as the winner.
Jackson's supporters believed that Adams made a corrupt bargain with Henry Clay, the tension grew when Adams chose Clay as his secretary of state.
Chapter 9: Section 2
Nationalism and Sectionalism
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