Commas with Conjunctions and Introductory Elements

Remember, there are 2 types of clauses: independent and dependent clauses. Independent clauses can stand on their own, while dependent clauses can only exist alongside an independent clause.

Two independent clauses can also be joined, but only with the use of a conjunction.

Coordinating conjunctions are used to BETWEEN clauses. We use the acronym FANBOYS to remember the coordinating conjunctions (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So). Two Independent clauses are joined with a comma and a conjunction.

Ex. I was going to go to the store, but I forgot my wallet. - "I was going to the store" could exist on its own, as could "I forgot my wallet", which is why a comma is required.

Subordinating conjunctions make independent clauses dependent clauses.

Ex. because I was too tired.

Subordinating conjunctions only require commas when they are found at the beginning of the sentence.

Ex. Because I was too tired, I didn't finish my homework.

EXCEPTION TO THE RULE: cases of extreme contrast

Ex. She was still quite upset, although she had won the Oscar.

- Common starter words for introductory clauses that should be followed by a comma include after, although, as, because, if, since, when, while. (These are subordinating clauses)

- Common introductory phrases should be followed by a comma. Ex. To get a seat, you'd better come early. (This is an inverted sentence)

- Common introductory words that should be followed by a comma include yes, however, well. Ex. Yes, I would be happy to edit your paper.