Gravity and the solar system

Presentation

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Science

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6th - 8th Grade

•

Medium

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NGSS

MS-PS2-4, MS-ESS1-2, HS-ESS1-4

Standards-aligned

Amy Hernandez

Used 46+ times

FREE Resource

8 Slides • 10 Questions

Gravity and the solar system

Kepler's First Law of Motion

Orbit - The path that an object follows as it travels around another object in space
Scientists thought those paths were circular
Kepler realized that these paths were ellipses, not circular
He also discovered that the sun was not at the center.
The sun is at one "focus"
The near point is called the perihelion
The far point is called the aphelion

Sun is at one FOCUS - not the center
PERIHELION is the near side
APHELION is the far side
Orbit is an ELLIPSE
Kepler's 1st law of planetary motion

Kepler's Second Law

If a line connects the planet to the sun
The area is equal - a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times. In order for this to work it must move more rapidly in some areas and more slowly in others.
See video clips, page 4
Planet moves rapidly at perihelion
It moves most slowly at aphelion

Kepler's 3rd Law

Square of period of a planet's orbit (p) - the time needed for a planet to orbit the sun p²
Directly proportional to the cube of the planet's average distance from the sun. (a³⁾
This ratio is the same for all planets
Planets that are closer to the sun orbit around it faster.

GRAVITY

pulls from all directions to the center of a mass.

NEWTON's law of Universal Gravitation

Increase in mass of either or both objects will increase the force

NEWTON's Law Continued.

If you increase the distance between the objects the force will...
DECREASE

Multiple Select

Newton's law of universal gravitation depends on which of these?

mass of the object

size of the object

composition of the object

distance between the object

Multiple Choice

Planets move in what type of orbit?

Circular

Spiral

Elliptical

Random

Multiple Choice

In a planet's elliptical orbit, the point when it is nearest to the sun is the

aphelion

perihelion

focus

ellipse

Multiple Choice

According to Newton's second law of motion a planet is moving fastest when it is at the

aphelion

perihelion

focus

ellipse

Multiple Choice

Kepler's third law of planetary motion tells us that

a planet in closer proximity to the sun will orbit the sun faster than a planet that is further

a planet that is further from the sun will orbit the sun faster that a planet that is closer to the sun

a planet that is closer to the sun will orbit the sun more slowly than a planet that is further from the sun.

a planet that is further from the sun will rotate in a circular pattern.

Multiple Choice

has an atmosphere that protects life

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

Multiple Choice

As the distance between objects decreases, gravity

increases

decreases

stays the same

Multiple Choice

As the mass of objects increases, gravity

increases

decreases

stays the same

Multiple Choice

The force of gravitational attraction between the Sun and Venus could be increased by reducing which of the following?

The distance between the Sun and Venus

the period of rotation of the Sun

The mass of the Sun and Venus

The speed of the orbit of Venus

Multiple Choice

What keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?

the Sun's mass

the Sun's period of rotation

the Sun's gravitational force

the Sun's color

Gravity and the solar system

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