Sudan

South Sudan

Iraq

The Nile River ran through the heart of Nubia

Plentiful rainfall

Massive solar panels

Rice, beans, various grains and yams

Rice, beans, quinoa, and pineapples

Rice, beans, various grains, and avocado

2000 AD

2000 BCE

200 CE

Exiled priests from Egypt

cattle herders who raised long-horned cattle on the savannas

venture capitalists and house-flippers (no, those people never build communities)

Dry, windswept snow deserts

Muddy mountain slopes

flat grassy plains

Expert hunters & warriors

Expert hunters & good gatherers

Expert hunters & awesome scavengers

The javelin

The discus

the bow and arrow

Skilled, proficient, very good at something

Mediocre

Substandard

Kema

Kerma

Kermit

Agriculture and trade between Egypt to its north and other areas of Africa to its south as well as the mining of gold and farming

Agriculture, trade with the Ottoman Empire as well as Japan and the farming of fish

Agriculture, farming, gold, and trade with the Inca and Arawaq.

Farming

Loitering

Astronomy

gold, cattle, incense, ivory, enslaved people

giraffes, fine jewelry, pottery, metal goods, mercenaries

gold, potatoes, cheap jewelry, textiles, sand

Send products

Receive products

Keep products from entering or leaving

Traders

Religious leaders

Hired soldiers, soldiers for hire

The Kings of Kerma were buried in Assyria because there were marble tombs.

The Kings of Kerma were buried in tombs like the Egyptian pharaohs.

The Kings of Kerma were cremated.

The 1400s BCE

The 2400s CE

The Upper 40s

The war lasted 1 year

The war lasted 50 years

The war lasted 100 years

700

70

7

Many of Egypt’s customs, cultures, and beliefs were imposed on the Nubians.

The Nubians rejected every aspect of the conquerors’ way of life

The Nubians destroyed every aspect of their own culture to try to become Egyptian