Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Name Surname: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Date of Birth: January 27, 1756 From: Salzburg, Austria Professions: Composer, Musician Date of Death: December 05, 1791

Who is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is the most prolific and well-known composer of 18th century classical music. According to many authorities, Mozart, considered to be the greatest musical genius in the history of the world, put 626 immortal works in his life of only 35 years and got his name written in gold letters in history. Since his childhood, Mozart, who has the ability to engrave every music he heard in his memory, and has a lot of experience thanks to the frequency of his trips, reflected these experiences to his development.

Considered one of the greatest geniuses of music history today, Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria, as the son of Leopold Mozart and Anna Maria Pertl Mozart. Mozart had a sister named Maria Anna Mozart, nicknamed Nannerl.The textbook Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule by Leopold Mozart, one of Europe's major music teachers and the conductor of the Salzburg Archbishop's orchestra, was published in 1756, the year Mozart was born.

His father, Leopold, a highly successful instrument music composer, quit music when Wolfgang was just 3 years old after seeing his son's outstanding musical skills. In the Lopold music book, where he realized his son's musical talent and taught Mozart to play instruments such as keyboards, violin and organs, he gave a very heavy musical education, he wrote that Wolfgang learned many compositions at the age of 4 and his first composition, a small Andante and Allegro. He stated that he was writing in 1761 when he was only five years old.

Mozart, who went on many European trips in his childhood, performed many shows in the places he went. The first was followed in 1762 in the Elector square in Munich, Bavaria, and the performances in the imperial square in Prague and Vienna the same year.Mozart, who was in Munich, Mannheim and Paris, played with the famous Italian cello player Giovanni Battista Cirri in London, where he was later on, during the concert trips he went out with his father and lasted for 3 and a half years. Mozart, who gave concerts in The Hague, Zurich and Donaueschingen, met many famous musicians during this long concert tour and learned the works of these musicians.

One of the most important sources of inspiration is a friend in London between 1764 and 1765, where he and Johann Christian Bach went to Vienna in 1767 and stayed until November 1768; at the end of the year, he traveled to Italy three times. During his travels between November 1769 and March 1773, Mozart composed three operas named "Mitridate Rè di Ponto" (1770), "Ascanio in Alba" (1771), and "Lucio Silla" (1772). He met with Andrea Luchesi in Venice and with Giovanni Battista Martini in Bologna.

At the same time, Mozart, who was accepted as a member of the Accademia Philharmonica, wrote Gregorio Allegri's Miserere all from his memory while listening to the Sistine Chapel on one of his travels in Italy, he even corrected minor errors in the piece and thus produced the first illegal copy of the Vatican property happened.On September 23, 1777, Mozart went on another European tour with his mother, covering Munich, Mannheim and Paris, and took the stage in Mannheim with the Mannheim Orchestra, considered the best of that period. Mozart, who fell in love with Aloysia Weber at the time, but lost his mother during their trip to Paris in 1778, after Weber later abandoned him, made his first great opera in Idomeneo Munich in 1780. The following year, his employer, Prince Archbishop Colloredo, went to Vienna together. When they returned to Salzburg, the opera conductor Mozart told the archbishop that he no longer wanted to deal with his musical business, Colleredo withdrew his support, settled in Vienna to improve his music.

Inspired by the fashion of Turks in Europe during this period and the rhythm in the Mehter March, Mozart performed the "Ronda alla Turca" in the third part of the 11th a major piano art (K. 311), which is of great importance for Turkish history. composed.

Mozart, who married Constanze Weber, the sister of Aloysia on 4 August 1782, at the request of his father, was the subject of Konstanze and his servant, who was the prisoner of Selim Pasha and the harem lord Osman, who was composed in the Topkapı Palace in the same year. He achieved great success with “Entführung aus dem Serail” (Abduction from the Palace).Moving towards a new style and language in the Baroque style between 1782 and 1783, Mozart's "Die Zauberflöte" (Magic Flute) is one of the most striking examples of this style.

During his time in Vienna, Mozart became friends with Franz Joseph Haydn, who was also Beethoven's teacher, who composed more than 100 symphonies, and played solo performances in piano concertos until 1785.

Mozart, who was influenced by the Enlightenment Period in 18th century Europe and became a Mason by entering the same lodge as Haydn in 1784, was a catholic. Before his father died in 1787, these masonic allegories are encountered in the second last opera of Mozart's Die Zauberflöte (Magic Flute), who tried to attract his father to his belief.

Between 1784 and 1787, on Domgasse 5, which can still be visited today, St. Mozart, who lives in a seven-room apartment behind St. Stephen's Cathedral, composed his work "La nozze di Figaro" here in 1786. Mozart's last opera, La Celemenza di Tito, was performed at the coronation of Leopold II's Kingdom of Bohemia in Prague on September 6, 1791.

The death of Mozart, whose last words, "The taste of death is on my lips ... I feel something that is not from this world," brought along many speculations about his death pattern and disease. Among the proposed theories were trichinosis, mercury poisoning and febrile rheumatism, and the common practice of that time, such as the improvement of patients by bleeding. The fact that there is no explanatory definition in modern medicine of "hitziges Frieselfieber", which is known as the important millet fever, which is mentioned in the death records, has caused this issue to remain unclear.

Mozart, who died in Vienna at around 1 am on December 5, 1791, was aware that his illness was very advanced, and began his last work, Requiem, a few days ago. This composition, which was defended by thinking of his own death, was left unfinished when Mozart died before he could finish it. Later, Joseph Eybler was commissioned by Constanze to complete the work. However, after failing to leave the job unfinished, Constanze handed over this task to Franz Xaver Süssmayr, a young composer and Mozart's student.

Although the fact that he was buried with an unnamed tombstone often led to the belief that Mozart died without money and forgotten, Mozart, who did not have the same high standard of living in Vienna, earned a relatively high income from the commissions. Earning approximately 50,000 florins per year, Mozart's income was equivalent to a minimum of $ 142,000 when examined under today's conditions. The owner of this amount was in the top 5% of the world in the 18th century. Unable to control his fortune, however, Mozart took a loan many times despite his earnings. There is no definitive proof that Mozart, whose many letters he wrote, was still poor.

In 1809, Mozart's wife Constanze married Georg Nikolaus von Nissen, a Danish diplomat. Nissen, who was also a big fan of Mozart and started to write a biography on Mozart, did not have enough life to finish this, but after his death, the biography was finished and published by Constanze.

St. The monumental tombstones of Mozart, whose original tomb was lost in the Marx cemetery, were placed here and in the Zentralfriedhof. In 2005, research on Mozart's skull at the Austrian Museum in the DNA laboratories of Austria's Inssbruk University and Rockville, Maryland was insufficient and no conclusion was reached. Although the DNA sample from the skull was tried to be compared with the DNA of his grandmother and nephew, the tests did not yield the expected results and no link was found between the samples.

With his music, which is one of the first examples of classical music, Mozart changed the style of that period and mixed it with the baroque style. Considered a versatile composer with compositions that Mozart wrote in his own style and in almost every genre, such as symphony, opera, solo concerto, chamber orchestra, string quartet and string kintet, and piano sonatas, Mozart developed his piano concerto on his own. and presented it to the audience as a new genre. Mozart, who composed a significant number of religious music and rituals, also signed many dance and entertainment music compositions such as divertimenti and serenads.

Mozart, which is shown as the best in classical music by many composers such as Franz Schubert, Frederic Chopin, Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky and Robert Schumann, is regarded as an inspiration for jazz, rock and even heavy metal composers. Jazz pianist Chick Corea stated that while playing Mozart's piano concertos, he was inspired to write concertos.The movie Amadeus, directed by Milos Forman in 1984 and starring Peter Shaffer, won 8 Oscars and became one of the most popular films of that year. Although the film was criticized for historical contradictions, it was a great benefit for the public to recognize Mozart's work.