Isotopes

An atom is the smallest unit that retains the identity of the element

IT IS NOT INDIVISIBLE... atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

THIS GOES AGAINST DALTON'S ORIGINAL ATOMIC THEORY

In an atom # protons = # electrons so an atom is NEUTRAL

An isotope is the same element with different amounts of neutrons

ONLY THE NEUTRONS DIFFER

If you change the protons, it is no longer the same element

Each isotope with have a different mass due to the varying amount of neutrons

An ion must have a charge either positive or negative

THIS MEANS THE PROTONS AND ELECTRONS ARE NOT EQUAL

The atomic number DOES NOT HAVE A DECIMAL

It is equal to the proton amount

This number also determines THE ELEMENT

If you change the atomic number/protons YOU CHANGE THE ELEMENT

The atomic number equals the amount of protons

If you know the element name, you can find the atomic number and protons from the periodic table

Mass number is the protons + neutrons

IT IS NOT THE ATOMIC MASS (decimal number on the periodic table block)

ONLY USE A ROUNDED ATOMIC MASS WHEN NO OTHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE

If you know the mass number you can calculate neutrons

If you know neutrons, you can calculate mass number

The mass number IS NOT THE SAME as atomic mass

Mass # = p⁺ + n⁰

You can subtract the protons from the mass number to find the neutrons

Mass number can be found after the hyphen or on the upper left hand side of a symbol

When there is a charge, the electrons and protons ARE NOT EQUAL

The difference between them is the numerical value of your charge

If you have more electrons it is NEGATIVE

If you have more protons it is POSITIVE

ONLY CHANGE THE ELECTRONS