carbon-12

carbon-13

carbon-14

chemical name

number of protons

number of neutrons

number of electrons

55

56

78

133

38

48

86

88

add the protons and neutrons

subtract the atomic number from the mass number, 86

add protons and electrons

subtract the mass number, 86, from the atomic number

55 protons, 55 electrons

55 protons, 78 electrons

78 protons, 55 electrons

55 protons, 132 electrons

35

45

80

elements with different protons and electrons

different "versions" of an element

same element with different number of neutrons and mass number

20 protons, 20 electrons, 41 neutrons

20 protons, 20 electrons, 20 atomic number

20 protons, 20 electrons, 21 neutrons, 41 atomic mass unit

atomic number=22

mass number=12

atomic number=12

mass number=22

2

10

12

22

magnesium gains 2 electrons

magnesium give away 2 electrons

magnesium gains 2 protons

magnesium give away protons

protons-56+2=58

electrons-stays 56

protons=stays 56

electrons=56-2=54

oxygen gains 2 electrons

oxygen give away 2 electrons

8-2=6

8+2=10

stays the same, 8