genetics

Gregor John Mendal -father of genetics

INTRODUCTION: -

1.GENOTYPE –THE INTERNAL BODY CONSTITUTION OF AN INDIVIDUAL,EXA-INTELLIGENCE,

2.PHENOTYPE-THE EXTERNAL FEATURES OF AN INDIVIDUAL,EXA.HIGHT,COLOUR

3.ALLEL-A PAIR OF GENE HAVING CONTRASTING CHARECTERS.EXA TT,Tt,tt

4.HOMOZYGOUS-A PAIR OF SIMILAR TYPE OF GENE, exa. TT OR tt

5.HETROZYGOUS- A PAIR OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF GENE ,EXA.Tt

6.DOMINANACE- A GENE SHOWING ITS CHARACTER IN F1 GENERATION DENOTED BY CAPITAL LETTER ,EXA .T FOR TALL PLANT ,Y FOR YELLOW SEED ,R FOR ROUND SHAPE SEED.

7.RECESSIVE- A GENE THAT NOT EXPRESS ITS PRESENCE IN F1 GENERATION AND HIDE BY DOMINANCE GENE .EXA-t FOR DWARFNESS ,r FOR WRINKLLED SEED,y FOR GREEN COLOUR SEED

MENDALS LAW OF GENETICS

The laws of inheritance were derived by Gregor Mendel, a 19th century monk conducting hybridization experiments in garden peas (Pisum sativum).

1.The pea plant can be easily

grown and maintained.

2. They are naturally self-pollinating

but can also be cross-pollinated. It is an annual plant,

3. therefore, many generations can be studied within a short period of time.

4. It has several contrasting characters.

Monohybrid Crossing

in this experiment, Mendel took two pea plants of opposite traits (one short and one tall) and crossed them. He found the first generation offspring's were tall and called it F1 progeny Inheritance Of One Gene.

Dihybrid Cross-

Mendel considered two traits, (F1 progeny) were round-yellow. This meant that dominant traits were the round shape and yellow colour.

self-pollinated the F1 progeny and obtained 4 different traits wrinkled-yellow, round-yellow, wrinkled-green seeds and round-green in the ratio the ratio 9:3:3:1.

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