Covalent Bonds

formed between nonmetals

electronegativity attraction forces being stronger than the repulsion forces

Low melting point

do not conduct electricity

primarily gases

atoms with high kinetic energy react with other atoms to become more stable

bond energy is the amount of energy to break a chemical bond

Electron Dot or Lewis Dot

signifies the bonding pair of electrons

polar- unequal sharing of electrons

creates dipoles

non polar is equal sharing of electrons

Electron Dot or Lewis Dot

signifies the bonding pair of electrons

a bonded set of 2 or more atoms that function as a single unit

Resonance/hybrid Structures

are electron dot structures that have multiple correct lewis dot arrangements

Free Radicals have odd number of electrons

electron deficient the central atom does not have a filled valence shell

hypervalency atoms can have more than 8 electrons