Participles

It's the "-ing" form of the verb

The gerund is a form of the present participle

As an adjective, it can refer to function, e.g. washing machine

As an adjective, it can create a certain emotion, e.g. an interesting movie

In regular verbs, it's the "-ed" form

Irregular verbs have unique past participle forms

It's used in the perfect tenses (present, past, future)

It's used in the passive voice

As an adjective, it denotes feeling an emotion, e.g. I'm confused