Pratice Protein Synthesis and Mutations

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

1. Transcription: DNA is transcribed to mRNA. 2. Translation: mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain (protein) at the ribosome.

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

1. Substitution: One base is replaced by another. 2. Insertion: Extra base pairs are added. 3. Deletion: Base pairs are removed.

A mutation where one nucleotide is replaced with another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.

A mutation caused by insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame of the genetic code.

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

AUG, which codes for Methionine and signals the start of translation.

It is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA is translated into amino acids.