Cell Biology Basics Flashcard

Prokaryotic cells are simple, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are the oldest forms of life on Earth.

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They can be single-celled or multicellular organisms.

Cell Theory is a fundamental concept in biology that states: 1) All living things are made of cells, 2) Cells are the basic unit of life, and 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Specialized cells allow humans to perform various functions necessary for survival, as different body systems require cells with specific roles.

Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food using sunlight or chemical energy. Examples include plants and some bacteria.

Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food and must consume other organisms for energy. Examples include animals and fungi.

The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and maintaining the cell's environment.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell, translating genetic information into proteins.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in plants that captures sunlight for photosynthesis, allowing plants to convert light energy into chemical energy.