Geometry Transformations

A translation is a transformation that moves every point of a figure the same distance in the same direction.

To describe the translation of a point, you specify the change in the x-coordinate and the change in the y-coordinate.

The notation is (x + a, y + b).

A reflection is a transformation that flips a figure over a line, creating a mirror image.

To reflect a point (x, y) over the x-axis, the new point is (x, -y).

To reflect a point (x, y) over the y-axis, the new point is (-x, y).

A scale factor is a number that scales, or multiplies, the dimensions of a figure.

The scale factor is determined by the ratio of the lengths of corresponding sides of the original figure and the image.

The notation for a composition of transformations is written from right to left, indicating the order of transformations.

To rotate a figure means to turn it around a fixed point, called the center of rotation, by a certain angle.