12.16 Work and Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or configuration.

The formula for kinetic energy is $$KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$$ , where m is mass and v is velocity.

The formula for gravitational potential energy is $$PE = mgh$$ , where m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.

Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force.

The formula for work is $$W = Fd$$ , where W is work, F is force, and d is distance.

Using the formula $$PE = mgh$$ , the gravitational potential energy is 98 J (where g = 9.8 m/s²).

The unit of energy is the Joule (J).

Work done on an object results in a change in its energy.

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.