Measures of center and variation

An outlier is a value that is much higher or much lower than the other values in a set of data.

The measures of central tendency are Mean, Median, and Mode.

To calculate the mean, add all the values together and divide by the number of values.

Relative frequency = (Frequency of the category) / (Total number of observations) * 100%.

The median is the middle value in a data set when the values are arranged in ascending order.

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set.

The range is found by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value in the data set.

A box plot is a graphical representation of data that shows the distribution through quartiles.

A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data, showing the frequency of data points in specified ranges.

The 25th percentile (Q1) represents the lower quartile, and the 75th percentile (Q3) represents the upper quartile, indicating the spread of the middle 50% of the data.