Intermolecular forces

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They are responsible for the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points.

London Dispersion Force.

Covalent bond > Hydrogen bond > Dipole-dipole > London forces.

Atoms unequally sharing electrons.

Substance C has the weakest intermolecular forces.

Electrons gather around each atom equally.

Hydrogen bond.

A dipole-dipole attraction is an intermolecular force that occurs between polar molecules, where the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another.

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles in molecules, occurring in all molecules but are the only forces present in nonpolar molecules.

Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points, as more energy is required to separate the molecules.