Educational Developments for Blacks Post-1865

To provide medical aid to soldiers

To negotiate peace with the Confederacy

To set up schools for black education

To recruit soldiers for the Union Army

The establishment of the first black university

The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation

The emancipation of four and a half million slaves

The beginning of the Civil War

Military training

Higher education

Vocational training

Primary education

Black Southern churches

White Northern churches

The federal government

Private philanthropists

It provided funding for public schools

It established black land-grant colleges

It ended the Civil War

It abolished slavery

For focusing on secondary and elementary education

For not offering vocational training

For being too expensive

For excluding white students

It was mandated by the government

It was cheaper to establish

The South had few such schools for anyone

There were already many colleges

The first public school was established

The first black college was established

The first kindergarten was established

The first graduate school was established

Military academies

Vocational training only

Kindergarten through graduate school

Only primary and secondary schools

They focused on vocational training

They completed the modern education structure

They were exclusive to the South

They were the first schools established