Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arrester is preferred over expulsion type because:

It requires no series gap and offers better protection

For EHV systems, fuses are not preferred because:

They cannot interrupt very high fault currents reliably

Which of the following is an advantage of HRC fuse compared to HV fuse?

High rupturing capacity and reliable arc quenching

Faster operation at low currents

No replacement needed after fault

A feeder relay detects a fault current of 500 A, while its pickup setting is 300 A. What will happen?

Relay trips the circuit breaker

Why are Potential Transformers (PTs) used in protection schemes?

To step down voltage for relays and meters

Earthing screen provides protection to:

Substations from direct lightning strokes

Underground cables from moisture

The main goal of arc interruption is to:

Stretch, cool and de-ionize the arc path so current is extinguished

Increase the arc temperature indefinitely

Prevent deionization of the gap

Convert AC to DC during interruption

Which quantity directly causes an overcurrent relay to operate?

Current above the relay pickup setting

The fluids used in circuit breakers should be of:

high dielectric strength and thermal stability

Recovery voltage refers to:

Voltage across the breaker after the arc is extinguished when the system restrikes conditions are applied

Voltage inside the trip coil only

Voltage used to recharge the closing spring

Voltage across the motor starter

Which statement correctly explains why HVDC breakers often combine mechanical switches and power electronics?

Semiconductors can control and rapidly commutate the DC current into a path where mechanical interruption can take place at (near) zero current, combining speed and low loss

Mechanical switches alone are sufficient for DC interruption

Power electronics are never used in HVDC breakers

Mechanical switches are only for cosmetics

What is the primary function of a protective relay?

Detect abnormal conditions and initiate isolation of faulty equipment

Store energy for system start-up

SF6 gas is used in circuit breakers because it:

Has excellent dielectric strength and arc-quenching capability

Has poor dielectric properties but low cost

Is magnetic and helps extinguish arcs through attraction

Arc in a circuit breaker is primarily sustained by:

Ionized gas (plasma) providing a conductive path between separating contacts

Continuous mechanical contact between contacts

Chemical conduction through insulation

For proper coordination between a primary and its backup relay, which is desirable?

Backup relay should be faster than the primary

Backup relay should have a longer time delay than primary to allow primary to clear the fault first

Both should operate simultaneously always

In a minimum oil circuit breaker the oil is used:

To act as circuit breaking medium only

For circuit breaking and providing insulation

In an oil circuit breaker the arc is interrupted mainly by:

Evaporation and decomposition of oil producing hydrogen which blows and cools the arc and provides insulation

Solid insulator placed between contacts

Evacuating the contact region to vacuum

When a CT saturates during an external fault, a differential relay may:

Maloperate (false trip) or fail to operate depending on polarity and saturation behaviour

Always operate correctly because CT saturation has no effect

Convert the differential relay into a distance relay

Become an instantaneous overcurrent relay

A definite-time relay is characterized by which of the following?

Operating time is fixed irrespective of fault magnitude

Operating time decreases with increasing fault current

It measures impedance to operate

The re-striking voltage (VR) is best described as:

The transient voltage that can cause the arc to re-ignite during the interruption process

The supply voltage measured at the neutral only

The mechanical force on contacts

The capacitor charging voltage in the control circuit

Which of the following is NOT typically a basic signal-processing block inside a static relay?

Mechanical cam and lever assembly for time settings

Electronic timer and trip driver

An induction-type overcurrent relay principally uses which physical phenomenon for operation?

Electromagnetic induction producing torque on a moving element

In relay coordination studies, the grading margin is:

The minimum time difference provided between primary relay operation and backup relay operation to ensure selectivity

The physical gap between relay contacts

The main advantage of vacuum circuit breakers is:

They extinguish arcs in a vacuum and have very long contact life with low maintenance

They require frequent gas refilling

They are suitable only for DC circuits

Pantograph is used to:

Collect current from overhead wire

Why are DC series motors preferred for traction?

High efficiency at constant speed

Comparing pantograph and bow collector, pantograph is preferred because:

Provides better contact at high speed

Multiple unit control in trains allows:

Operating many locomotives from one point

Driving multiple motors independently

PSPU QUIZ

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In case of overload, transformer protection usually depends on:

Differential relay

Buchholz relay

Thermal relay

Distance relay

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Current transformers (CTs) are used primarily for:

Voltage measurement

Current measurement and protection

Power factor correction

Improving transmission efficiency

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which device is commonly used to protect power system equipment from lightning surges?

Current Transformer

Circuit Breaker

Isolator

Lightning Arrester

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A 220 kV substation uses lightning arresters. Their location should be:

Near the generator

Near the transformer terminals

At load end only

At mid-point of transmission line

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

If a relay fails to operate, which system feature ensures backup protection?

Primary protection

Fuse protection

Secondary protection

Backup protection

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which type of stroke occurs when lightning directly hits the conductor?

Indirect stroke

Shielding stroke

Direct stroke

Back flashover

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A short-circuit fault leads to which of the following?

Reduction in current

Excessive current flow

Power factor improvement

Zero sequence current removal

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PSPU QUIZ

In case of overload, transformer protection usually depends on:

Current transformers (CTs) are used primarily for:

Which device is commonly used to protect power system equipment from lightning surges?

A 220 kV substation uses lightning arresters. Their location should be:

If a relay fails to operate, which system feature ensures backup protection?

Which type of stroke occurs when lightning directly hits the conductor?

A short-circuit fault leads to which of the following?

HRC fuse is designed to operate under:

Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arrester is preferred over expulsion type because:

Which fault is most common in overhead transmission lines?

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