Question 11 In a study of the evolution of DptA and DptB—Diptericin genes encoding antimicrobial peptides that combat pathogens and foster beneficial microbes in fruit flies (Drosophila)—researchers assessed Drosophila melanogaster resistance to pathogenic infections by Providencia rettgeri and Acetobacter siceare, bacteria common in the flies’ environments. Subjects included flies identified by mutations silencing DptA, DptB, or both DptA and DptB (termed types A, B, and AB, respectively). In conjunction with the observation that resistance to P. rettgeri correlates with DptA activity but is not significantly affected by DptB activity, data in the graph of survival rates post–A. siceare infection suggest that _____ Which completion of the text is best supported by data in the graph?

B. DptB may have developed as a specific defense against A. siceare.

A. DptA confers defense against A. siceare regardless of the presence of DptB.

C. DptB protects against only one bacteria species, whereas DptA protects against multiple species.

D. Defense against A. siceare is strongest when both DptA and DptB are present.

Question 12 Neurobiologists Laura Cuaya, Raúl Hernández-Pérez, and colleagues investigated the language detection abilities of eighteen dogs raised in similar settings. The researchers monitored the brain activity of Barney (a golden retriever), Mini (a mixed breed), and other dogs while the animals listened to three recordings: one of The Little Prince being read in Spanish, the second in Hungarian, and a third made up of short, randomly selected fragments of the first two, scrambled so that they didn’t resemble human speech. Each dog was familiar with either Spanish or Hungarian, but not both. The team concluded that the amount of previous language exposure a dog has received may influence its ability to distinguish familiar languages from unfamiliar ones. Which finding from the study, if true, would most directly support the team’s conclusion?

B. The difference between the pattern of brain activity a dog showed when hearing the language it was accustomed to and the pattern of brain activity it showed when hearing the language it was not accustomed to was greatest among older dogs.

A. Although the dogs’ general hearing sensitivity declined with age, dogs of all ages showed more brain activity in response to hearing the language they were accustomed to than in response to hearing the other language.

C. The similarity between the pattern of brain activity a dog showed in response to hearing the scrambled recording and the pattern of brain activity it showed in response to hearing the language it was not accustomed to was greatest among older dogs.

D. Dogs showed a different pattern of brain activity when hearing the language they were accustomed to than when hearing the scrambled recording, and the difference in brain activity increased with the age of the dog scanned.

Question 13 Whereas Mara Aruguete and colleagues' 1992 study of captive chimpanzees and squirrel monkeys reported more right-handedness than left-handedness, William C. McGrew and colleagues' 1999 study of wild chimpanzees did not. According to a meta-analysis of studies of nonhuman primates, captive populations are more likely to be described as right-handed than wild populations are. Statistical analysis indicates a handedness study would need a minimum of 176 individuals to show a representative result; however, the study by Aruguete and colleagues included a total population of 27, and the study by McGrew and colleagues included a total population of 13. This suggests that _____ Which choice most logically completes the text?

C. Neither the study by Aruguete and colleagues nor the study by McGrew and colleagues provides sufficient evidence to make a meaningful comparison about handedness in primates.

A. McGrew and colleagues likely underestimated the prevalence of right-handedness among the wild chimpanzees in the study.

B. The study by Aruguete and colleagues reliably represents handedness in captive primates but not in wild primates.

D. The study by Aruguete and colleagues reliably represents handedness in captive primates, but the study by McGrew and colleagues likely does not reliably represent handedness in wild primates.

A. 3t⁴ + 4t³ - 9t² + 5t - 12

8G (Hard Modules)

Authored by James Lu

English, Mathematics

9th - 12th Grade

CCSS covered

Used 3+ times

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49 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Question 1

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.4

CCSS.RI.9-10.4

CCSS.RL.11-12.4

CCSS.RL.8.4

CCSS.RL.9-10.4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Question 2

Tags

CCSS.RI.4.3

CCSS.RI.5.3

CCSS.RI.6.3

CCSS.RI.7.3

CCSS.RI.8.3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Question 3

Tags

CCSS.RL.8.5

CCSS.RL.9-10.9

CCSS.RL.11-12.11

CCSS.RL.8.10

CCSS.RL.9-10.10

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Question 4

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.4

CCSS.RI.9-10.4

CCSS.RL.11-12.4

CCSS.RL.8.4

CCSS.RL.9-10.4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Question 5 President Richard Nixon is most famous for his participation in the 1970s Watergate political scandal, a convoluted tale of criminality and eroded ethics involving a constellation of associates such as security operative Jack Caulfield and White House Counsel John Dean. But Nixon’s legacy is complex: he has been praised for his role in creating the Environmental Protection Agency, and he once made an attempt at reforming United States health care policy that is arguably a precursor to the Affordable Care Act, which became law during the Barack Obama administration. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

A. A list of historical figures is presented, followed by reasons why one should be considered more significant than the others.

B. An assertion about a historical figure is made, and then evidence both for and against that assertion is presented.

C. Information supporting a particular perception of a historical figure is provided, and then additional facts are offered suggesting that this perception is an oversimplification.

D. An achievement of a historical figure is described, and then reasons why that achievement is often disregarded by historians are suggested.

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Question 6

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.7

CCSS.RL.11-12.7

CCSS.RL.9-10.7

CCSS.RI.8.7

CCSS.RI.9-10.7

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Question 7

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.7

CCSS.RL.11-12.7

CCSS.RL.9-10.7

CCSS.RI. 9-10.7

CCSS.RL.8.5

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