Effective Supervisory Practices p160-163

Governmental activities

Business-like activities

Charitable activities

Educational activities

interest payments on debt

principal repayment on debt

both interest and principal repayment

only administrative costs

Government agencies

Private foundations

Non-profit organizations

All of the above

Planning, Programming, Budgeting, Execution, Evaluation, Reporting

Planning, Budgeting, Execution, Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting

Planning, Programming, Execution, Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting

Planning, Budgeting, Execution, Evaluation, Reporting, Auditing

1-2 months before the new fiscal year

3-4 months before the new fiscal year

5-6 months before the new fiscal year

7-8 months before the new fiscal year

Read the user manual and follow the instructions.

Ignore the software and do it manually.

Ask someone else to do it for you.

Guess and try to figure it out on your own.

Consider past expenditures, forecast future needs, and align with organizational goals.

Focus on cost-cutting, increasing revenue, and improving efficiency.

Prioritize essential expenses, reduce discretionary spending, and seek additional funding.

Evaluate current financial status, anticipate economic changes, and consult stakeholders.