Cell Structure and Biochemistry review (B.5ABCD)

Control what enters and exits the cell; act as channels and pumps to facilitate the movement of molecules across the cell membrane; catalyze chemical reactions as enzymes; and regulate cellular processes.

Store and transmit genetic information (DNA and RNA)

Form the cell membrane as a bilayer creating a barrier between the cell interior and the environment; energy storage in the body

Energy source for cells; structural support in plant cell walls (cellulose); cell recognition markers on the cell membrane, attached to proteins and lipids, essential for cell-cell communication.

Meats, Eggs, Nuts

Sugars & starches

Fats, Oils, Waxes

DNA and RNA (vegetables)

Phosphate-Glycerol hydrophilic 'head'

Fatty acid hydrophobic 'tail'

Carbohydrate cell recognition marker

Transport protein channel or pump

Controls cell activities; contains genetic material

Regulates what enters or exits the cell; maintains homeostasis; protects and supports the cell.

Synthesizes proteins; transports materials inside the cell

Synthesizes lipids; transports materials inside the cell

Changes, packages and ships proteins outside the cell

Stores food, water, minerals and waste materials; maintains turgor pressure in plant cells

Provides support and protection for cells.

Plant cells, fungi & bacteria only.

Synthesize proteins

Make glucose energy. Site of photosynthesis.

Only in plant cells.

Gel-like fluid that contains all organelles

Make ATP energy from sugars, needed for the cell. Site of cellular respiration.

Organizes cell division

Filled with enzymes, digest cell waste.

Mostly in animal cells.

Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Large molecules are in a vesicle in the cell, which fuses with the cell membrane to expel the molecule OUT of the cell.

Molecules move through transport proteins from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Water molecules move through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Large molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane and taken IN to the cell forming a vesicle inside the cell.

A carrier protein that moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell using ATP energy.

A type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.

An (ATP) energy-driven process where membrane proteins transport molecules across cells.

Allowing certain substances to pass through but not others.