Cell Structure and Biochemistry review (B.5ABCD)

Form the cell membrane as a bilayer creating a barrier between the cell interior and the environment; energy storage in the body

Control what enters and exits the cell; act as channels and pumps to facilitate the movement of molecules across the cell membrane; catalyze chemical reactions as enzymes; and regulate cellular processes.

Energy source for cells; structural support in plant cell walls (cellulose); cell recognition markers on the cell membrane, attached to proteins and lipids, essential for cell-cell communication.

Store and transmit genetic information (DNA and RNA)

DNA and RNA (vegetables)

Fats, Oils, Waxes

Sugars & starches

Meats, Eggs, Nuts

Fatty acid hydrophobic 'tail'

Transport protein channel or pump

Phosphate-Glycerol hydrophilic 'head'

Carbohydrate cell recognition marker

Regulates what enters or exits the cell; maintains homeostasis; protects and supports the cell.

Synthesizes lipids; transports materials inside the cell

Controls cell activities; contains genetic material

Synthesizes proteins; transports materials inside the cell

Changes, packages and ships proteins outside the cell

Provides support and protection for cells.

Plant cells, fungi & bacteria only.

Gel-like fluid that contains all organelles

Stores food, water, minerals and waste materials; maintains turgor pressure in plant cells

Make glucose energy. Site of photosynthesis.

Only in plant cells.

Synthesize proteins

Filled with enzymes, digest cell waste.

Mostly in animal cells.

Organizes cell division

Make ATP energy from sugars, needed for the cell. Site of cellular respiration.

Large molecules are in a vesicle in the cell, which fuses with the cell membrane to expel the molecule OUT of the cell.

Molecules move through transport proteins from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Water molecules move through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Large molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane and taken IN to the cell forming a vesicle inside the cell.

A type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.

Allowing certain substances to pass through but not others.

A carrier protein that moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell using ATP energy.

An (ATP) energy-driven process where membrane proteins transport molecules across cells.