Chapter 9: Footings & Foundations - Know and Understand

Grading may be needed before building lines are laid out.

It is best to locate building lines with a builder’s level, transit, or _____.

A residence may need as much as 8′ to _____ of clearance for batter boards.

Building sites on steep slopes or rugged terrain should be rough-graded before the building is laid out.

The highest point on the perimeter of an excavation is known as the _____.

1. 
   IRC now allows frost-protected shallow foundations that are only _____″ below grade.

A _____ footing is one that changes grade levels at intervals to accommodate a sloping lot.

In residential construction, a common practice is to make the width of the footing _____ as wide as the foundation wall.

Concrete for chimney and wall footings must be placed at different times.

The spacing of walers depends on the amount of _____ the concrete exerts on the form.