11.Leveling Instruments & 8.Elevations

A simple device that can be used to determine level marks over large spans with great accuracy. It usually consists of a narrow hose filled with water with a clear plastic tube at each end

The wiggling or jumping of an image is known as

H.I. stands for

An engineer's rod has graduations that are in feet, tenths of a foot and hundredths of a foot.

a point of known or assumed elevation that is permanent or semi-permanent.

The instrument operator is looking backward to a known point.

The instrument operator is looking forward to a new point.

Secondary benchmarks established by local agencies as control points for local elevations

Located at the top of the instrument and makes distant objects look larger and therefore nearer.

Special tool with either three or five fixed laser beams