Sentence structure

'Throwing papers along the streets'

Is this a phrase or a clause?

While debris covered the park

Since finding her keys and book

Except Mary and Tom

I refused to go because I had homework to do.

What is the subordinate clause?

After I finish college, I’ll get a job.

What is the independent clause?

A large vocabulary is the characteristic that most often accompanies outstanding success.

What is the subordinate clause?

You can’t do your best when you are tired.

What is the independent clause?

The old man ran across the long, high bridge away from the monsters.

Tick ALL the phrases in this sentence.

Jazz, rock, and dance bands specialize in different musical forms.

Is this a simple, compound, or complex sentence?