State two advantages of using abstraction in programming languages

Coding becomes accessible to beginners

Programming becomes more secure

Attributes are an abstraction for the characteristics of an object.

How does object-oriented programming use abstraction?

Objects are an abstraction for real-world entities.

Attributes are an abstraction for the characteristics of an object.

Coding becomes accessible to beginners

What is the difference between abstraction and reality?

Abstraction is a simplified representation of reality

Attributes are an abstraction for the characteristics of an object.

What is the purpose of thinking ahead?

To make programs easy and intuitive for users to use.

selecting data from a larger pool to show only the relevant details to the object. It helps to reduce programming complexity and effort.

break down your project scope into manageable chunks.

observe and analyze phenomena, reactions, and feedback and then draw conclusions based on that input.

Any data that is required to solve a problem, usually entered into the system by the user.

The results that are passed back once the outputs have been processed and the problem solved.

The results that are passed back once the inputs have been processed and the problem solved.

Any data that is required to solve a problem, usually entered into the system by the user.

What considerations do programmers need to make regarding inputs and outputs when thinking ahead?

Method of input/output (device used)

Identify the inputs that are likely to be used in a book reservation system i.e. at a library.

Borrower details: name, library card<br />number

Identify the outputs that are likely to be used in a book reservation system i.e. at a library.

Availability at other libraries

Borrower details: name, library card number

What are preconditions?

Requirements which must be met before a program can be executed.

Requirements which must be met before a program can be designed.

Requirements which must be met before a program can be concieved.

Requirements which must be met before a program can be tested.

Where can preconditions be defined?

Within the code or within documentation.

State two advantages of including preconditions within the documentation accompanying a subroutine.

Reduces the length of the program

Reduces the complexity of the program

Reduces the running time of the program

Reduces the length of the documentation

The process of storing instructions or values in cache memory after they have been used, as they may be used again.

Requirements which must be met before a program can be executed.

Requirements which must be met before a program can be designed.

Requirements which must be met before a program can be concieved.

Requirements which must be met before a program can be tested.

How is caching used in storing web pages?

Web pages that a user frequently accesses are cached, so the next time one of these pages is accessed, content can be loaded without any delay.

The process of storing instructions or values in cache memory after they have been used, as they may be used again.

Requirements which must be met before a program can be executed.

As developing from scratch is not required, this saves time, money and resources.

What are the advantages of caching web pages?

Content can be loaded without delay

Images and text do not have to be downloaded again multiple times

Frees bandwidth for other tasks on a network

Accuracy of the algorithms used

Give a limitation of caching.

Accuracy of the algorithms used

Effectiveness of algorithm in managing the cache

Content can be loaded without delay

Images and text do not have to be downloaded again multiple times

Give some advantages of using reusable program components.

More reliable than new components, as they have already been tested

As developing from scratch is not required, this saves time, money and resources.

Frees bandwidth for other tasks on a network

Content can be loaded without delay

Reduces the length of the documentation

Give two examples of reusable program components

Abstract data structures eg. queues and stacks

What is the first stage of thinking procedurally?

Taking the problem defined by the user and breaking it down into its constituent parts

What is the purpose of problem decomposition?

To make complex problems easier to solve and more manageable by allowing tasks to be divided between a group of people according to individual skill sets.

The process of separating ideas from specific instances of those ideas at work

Any situation in the design or programming of a system when you would want more than one thing happening at the same time

What is the purpose of top-down design?

Continually break problems down into subproblems until each subproblem can be represented as a single task and ideally a self-contained subroutine.

The analysis of a large amount of data in a data warehouse to provide new information.

An algorithm for finding a complete solution. This is a refined brute force methodology. It is a very general algorithm for finding all (or some) solutions to computational problems.

The process of separating ideas from specific instances of those ideas at work

What are the benefits of using top-down design?

Problems can be solved and modules developed by different people

Tasks can be tested separately. Modules are self-contained

Uses abstraction to create algorithms and prototypes

Wireframe designs are required before development can take place

What is the second stage of thinking procedurally in software development?

Identifying components of a solution

Taking the problem defined by the user and breaking it down into its constituent parts

What are the lowest level subproblems in top-down design in code?

self-contained modules or subroutines

What do software developers need to consider when recombining components of a solution?

The order in which subroutines are executed, and how they interact with each other, based on their role in solving the problem.

Who the original author of the component was

What must a software developers do before designing a subroutine to solve a particular problem?

See whether it is possible for an already existing subroutine or module to be used.

Taking the problem defined by the user and breaking it down into its constituent parts

State advantages of utilising reusable components.

More reliable than newly-coded components, as they have already been tested.

This saves time, money and resources.

Accuracy of the algorithms used

Effectiveness of algorithm in managing the cache

Content can be loaded without delay

A decision is a result reached after consideration.

A choice that needs to be made that will not alter an outcome

A selection of two different outcomes

When are decisions made?

A decision is made whenever you have to choice to make.

A decision is made when only one possible outcome is available

A decision is made when only two possible outcomes are available

In a flow chart how many many options stem from a decision?

2 different options - yes or no/ true or false.

How do you make effective decisions?

By evaluating the importance of different factors and selecting options which satisfy the needs of the task the most appropriately

By learning from others mistakes and selecting which option provides the least beneficial outcome based on previous events<br />

Researching the possible pros/cons and making a decision based on whichever will benefit you the most

How does the result of a decision affect the flow of a program?

The program will follow a different route depending on the decision made by the user.

The program will produce the same outcome regardless of the decision made by the user.

What is concurrent thinking?

Concurrent thinking is completing more than one task at any given time.

Concurrent thinking is considereing multiple possible solutions

Concurrent thinking is when a programmer consideres other applications that already exist concurrently

What is parallel processing?

Parallel processing is completing multiple tasks simultaneously at any given time.

Parallel processing is when a processor fetches the next instruction whilst the current is being executed

Having multiple processors working on the same task

What is concurrent processing?

Concurrent processing is giving a slice of processor time to tasks to give the illusion of parallel processing.

Concurrent processing is completing more tasks in the same amount of time

What are the benefits of concurrent processing?

More tasks can be completed in a given time

than one task at any given time.

What are the drawbacks of concurrent processing?

If lots of users are requesting for tasks to be completed, it takes longer for everyone to complete their task.

It takes longer on larger tasks

Unit 2

Authored by Richard Smith

Computers

12th Grade

Used 10+ times

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49 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which form of abstraction involves grouping together similarities within a problem to identify what kind of problem it is?

Abstraction by generalisation

Abstraction by value

Abstraction by size

Abstraction by date

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is meant by data abstraction?

A form of abstraction in which details about how data is being stored are hidden.

A form of abstraction in which details about how data is being stored are shown.

A form of abstraction in which details about how information is being stored are hidden.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is representational abstraction?

A technique in which excessive details are removed to arrive at a representation of a problem that consists of only the key features.

A technique in which random details are removed to arrive at a representation of a problem that consists of only the key features.

A technique in which excessive details are removed to arrive at a representation of a problem that consists of no key features.

A technique in which random details are removed to arrive at a representation of a problem that consists of no key features.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What kind of problems make use of multiple levels of abstraction?

Large, complex problems

Small, complex problems

Large, simple problems

Small, simple problems

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How does abstraction allow non-experts to make use of a system?

Hides complex and irrelevant information in abstract models.

Displays the answer in easy to understand language

Breaks the problem into small parts

Problem can be split between multiple developers

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

State two advantages of using abstraction in software development

Easier for programmers to focus on core elements

Reduces the time needed to be spent on the project.

Easier to remember syntax in high-level languages as it is closer to natural language

Methods are an abstraction for the actions a real-world object is able to perform.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Give an applications of layers of abstraction

Networking (TCP/IP layer)

Victoria Sponge

RGB

Binary

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