Unit 8 Notes: Covalent Bonding

To indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound

To make the names sound more scientific

To show the physical state of the compound

To identify the color of the compound

Second row elements like C, N, O, and F can have expanded octets.

Boron and beryllium often have incomplete octets and are very reactive.

Third row elements never have more than eight electrons.

All elements must always obey the octet rule.

C-H bond (Electronegativity difference = 0.35)

H-F bond (Electronegativity difference = 1.80)

Na-F bond (Electronegativity difference = 3.07)

Cl-Cl bond (Electronegativity difference = 0)