Motor Learning Ch 1

Actions refer to goal-directed activities, movements are specific body motions, and neuromotor processes are the underlying neural mechanisms.

Actions and movements are the same, while neuromotor processes are unrelated.

Movements refer to goal-directed activities, actions are specific body motions, and neuromotor processes are the muscles involved.

Neuromotor processes are the visible actions, while movements and actions are internal processes.

Skill is vital to our sense of control of the world around us.

We depend on our capacity to learn and perform motor skills.

Skill is necessary for survival.

Skill is only important for athletes.

Acquisition of motor skills, performance enhancement, reacquisition of skills

Acquisition of motor skills, cognitive development, emotional regulation

Performance enhancement, physical fitness, nutrition

Reacquisition of skills, social skills, language development

Skills require voluntary control over movements of joints and body segments.

Cognitive skills require mental activity such as decision making and problem solving.

Actions are used synonymously with motor skills.

All of the above

Patterns of motion among joints and body segments

Mechanisms within the nervous and muscular systems that underlie the control of movements and actions

Specific goals achieved through movement

The ability to perform fine motor skills

People always use the same movement pattern to achieve action goals.

People refine movements by modifying neuromotor processes.

Different measures are used to evaluate actions, movements, and neuromotor processes.

People use a variety of movements to accomplish the action goal.

Walking

Steering a car

Flipping a light switch

Buttoning a shirt

A single movement with a clear beginning and end

A continuous movement with no distinct beginning or end

A series of discrete movements performed in sequence

A movement performed in a changing environment

Supporting surface, objects involved, mobility of other people or animals

Skill level, duration, intensity

Physical fitness, mental focus, motivation

Weather conditions, time of day, equipment used

Stationary Regulatory Conditions with No Intertrial Variability

In-Motion Regulatory Conditions with Intertrial Variability

Body Stability: Object Manipulation

All of the above

Features of environment that have no influence on movement characteristics.

Environmental context features to which movements must conform to achieve the action goal.

Skills that involve maintaining the position of moveable objects.

Whether regulatory conditions change or stay the same from one trial to the next.

Golf shots during a round of golf.

Hitting tennis balls during a rally in a game.

Walking on a treadmill at a constant speed.

Free throws in basketball.

First Dimension

Second Dimension

Environmental Context

Intertrial Variability

Define and distinguish the terms actions, movements, and neuromotor processes.

Describe the common motor skill characteristic for three classification systems.

Discuss ways to use the Gentile taxonomy in physical rehabilitation.

Explain the history of motor learning theories.