Unit 2 Key Terms

An early conflict (1637) between English colonists and the Pequot Nation in Connecticut.

A trade agreement between English colonists and the Pequot Nation.

A peace treaty signed in 1637 between colonists and Native Americans.

A festival celebrated by the Pequot Nation and English colonists.

The near destruction of the Pequot people and their way of life.

The establishment of a new colony by the Pequot Nation.

The creation of a new trade route.

The signing of a peace treaty that lasted 100 years.

It set a pattern for future conflicts between colonists and Native Americans.

It marked the end of all conflicts between colonists and Native Americans.

It was the first time colonists and Native Americans traded goods.

It resulted in the colonists leaving Connecticut.

Colonists and Native Americans

French and English settlers

Spanish and Native Americans

Colonists and the British government

Pocahontas

Sitting Bull

King Philip (Metacom)

Geronimo

Native Americans gained more land

Native Americans formed a new government

Native Americans were ultimately defeated and lost power

Native Americans won the war

Ended the French and Indian War between Britain and France

Started the American Revolution

Created the United States Constitution

Ended the Civil War

Spain

Britain

Portugal

Russia

Native Americans gained more land

Britain gained power over vast Native American territories without Native American input

Native Americans formed an alliance with France

Native Americans were given independence

To create a boundary line between colonial settlements and Native American lands.

To establish trade routes between colonists and Native Americans.

To end the Revolutionary War.

To grant independence to the colonies.

The Rocky Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains

The Mississippi River

The Great Lakes

Difficulty in enforcing agreements between colonists and Native Americans

Lack of resources for colonists

Poor communication between colonies

Disputes over trade tariffs

The power to regulate trade with Native American tribes.

The power to declare war on Native American tribes.

The power to appoint Native American leaders.

The power to create new Native American tribes.

As separate political entities that the federal government can control.

As part of the state governments.

As independent countries with no federal oversight.

As citizens with no special status.

The U.S. government had authority over Native American affairs.

Native American tribes had authority over the U.S. government.

State governments had authority over Native American affairs.

Native American affairs were not regulated by any government.

Ended conflicts in the Ohio Territory after Native American defeat.

Started a war between Native Americans and settlers.

Created new states in the Northwest.

Gave Native Americans more land in Ohio.

Give up most of their lands in the Ohio region to the U.S. government.

Move to Canada.

Form a new government.

Refuse to negotiate with settlers.

Smaller areas called reservations and some money.

Weapons and horses.

Full citizenship rights.

Control over trade routes.

Americans were destined to expand westward across the continent.

Americans should remain on the East Coast.

Native Americans should expand eastward.

Americans were destined to travel to Europe.

As their right and duty.

As a dangerous journey.

As unnecessary.

As a punishment.

The fact that Native Americans already lived on these lands.

The importance of farming.

The need for new technology.

The existence of gold in the West.

The movement of American settlers from the East toward the West during the 1800s.

The movement of Native Americans from the West to the East.

The construction of railroads in the 1900s.

The migration of settlers to the South.

To escape the cold weather

Seeking land, gold, and new opportunities

To join the military

To find new types of food

They gained new land and resources

Their lands and ways of life were directly threatened

They became settlers themselves

They moved to Europe

President Abraham Lincoln

President Andrew Jackson

President Thomas Jefferson

President George Washington

Force Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River

Give Native Americans more land in the East

Allow Native Americans to stay in their original lands

Increase trade with Native Americans

It created new jobs for Native Americans

It took away Native American lands in the East

It reduced taxes for settlers

It allowed Native Americans to vote

The forced march of thousands of Cherokee people westward in 1838-1839.

The celebration of Cherokee culture in Oklahoma.

The migration of settlers to California.

The construction of a railroad in the Southeast.

They were removed from their homeland in the Southeast.

They wanted to explore new lands.

They were searching for gold.

They were invited by the government.

Thousands died from disease, hunger, and harsh conditions.

They gained new land and resources.

They formed alliances with settlers.

They celebrated a successful journey.

To place Native Americans on small pieces of land called reservations.

To give Native Americans more land than settlers.

To allow Native Americans to choose any land they wanted.

To encourage settlers to live on reservations.

The Native Americans themselves

The government

Local settlers

Tribal leaders only

They gained more freedom to travel

They received high-quality land

They lost the freedom to live on their ancestral lands and practice their traditional ways

They were allowed to keep all their traditions

The process of adopting the culture and ways of another group.

The process of creating new traditions.

The process of preserving original languages.

The process of forming a new government.

Their languages, religions, and traditions.

Their land and homes.

Their jobs and education.

Their food and clothing.

Tremendous harm to their communities and identities.

Increased wealth and prosperity.

Improved relationships with the government.

Preservation of Native cultures.

To teach Native American children farming techniques

To "civilize" Native American children

To preserve Native languages and customs

To reunite families

Speak their Native languages and wear traditional clothes

Learn only mathematics and science

Speak English, wear American clothes, and abandon their Native languages and customs

Travel to different countries

Increased family unity

Lasting trauma and cultural loss

Improved economic status

Preservation of Native customs

To divide reservation lands into individual plots for Native American families

To increase Native American territory

To provide free land to all settlers

To ban farming on reservation lands

Farm like settlers

Move to cities

Stop farming

Sell their land to the government

Loss of millions of acres of Native American land

Increase in Native American land ownership

Creation of new Native American reservations

Expansion of Native American territory

A Shawnee leader who tried to unite Native American tribes against American expansion.

A U.S. military general during the War of 1812.

A famous explorer of the American West.

A politician who signed peace treaties with Native Americans.

They could resist losing their lands.

They would become wealthy.

They could defeat the British.

They would be forced to move west.

As a powerful symbol of Native American resistance and unity.

As a famous American president.

As a leader who surrendered to the U.S. military.

As a builder of Native American settlements.

South Dakota

California

Texas

New York

50

100

150

200

The beginning of peaceful negotiations

The end of major Native American armed resistance

The start of the Civil War

The discovery of gold

To cancel or end an agreement, especially a treaty.

To create a new agreement.

To negotiate a treaty.

To enforce a law.

To access resources like gold found on Native American lands.

To improve relationships with Native Americans.

To avoid conflict with other countries.

To provide more land to Native Americans.

It deeply damaged trust between Native Americans and the U.S. government.

It led to more treaties being signed.

It improved economic conditions for Native Americans.

It increased cooperation between the two groups.