Unit 203: Ppt 3 Scientific principles

Newton (N)

Pascal (Pa)

Metres per second (m/s)

Litres per second (l/s)

The greater the head, the greater the pressure.

Pressure is independent of head height.

A head of 10 meters corresponds to 100 kPa.

A bar is always equal to 10 kPa.

101.3kPa; increases above sea level and decreases below sea level

101.3kPa; increases below sea level and decreases above sea level

100kPa; increases above sea level and decreases below sea level

100kPa; increases below sea level and decreases above sea level

Pressure at A is above atmospheric pressure, pressure at B is below atmospheric pressure.

Pressure at A is below atmospheric pressure, pressure at B is above atmospheric pressure.

Both A and B are at atmospheric pressure.

Pressure at A and B are equal.

Speed increases, pressure and flow rate decrease

Speed decreases, pressure and flow rate increase

Speed increases, pressure increases, flow rate decreases

Speed decreases, pressure decreases, flow rate increases

Pipe color

Pipe size

Pressure

Frictional resistance

Adding more elbows

Using smaller pipe diameter

Increasing pipe length

Using smoother pipe material

Remove elbows and increase pipe diameter

Add more valves and decrease pipe diameter

Use rougher materials and add constrictions

Decrease pipe length and add elbows

Velocity: m/s, Acceleration: m/s², Flow rate: l/s or l/m, Force: N, Pressure: Pa

Velocity: km/h, Acceleration: m/h², Flow rate: ml/s, Force: kg, Pressure: bar

Velocity: cm/s, Acceleration: cm/s², Flow rate: l/h, Force: g, Pressure: atm

Velocity: m/min, Acceleration: m/min², Flow rate: l/h, Force: J, Pressure: psi