Egypt

Egypt is located in Africa. City-states emerged in the Nile River Valley along the Nile River. The river provided farmland and resources needed to flourish.

Egypt Kingdoms

Egypt was divided into three kingdoms. The Old Kingdom was known for their pyramid building. The Middle Kingdom made improvements in agriculture, art and literature. The New Kingdom was when Egypt was at their peak. They made cultural advancements and expanded their empire.

Inventions from Egypt

Hieroglyphics - the written language of Egypt
Papyrus - plant used to create paper, rope, and more
Mummification - process of preserving a body for the afterlife
Pyramids - burial site for pharaohs and the royal family

Israel

Israel is located in Asia. The civilization started in Canaan by a group of nomadic people. They have a long history of being exploited by other civilizations. They've been pushed out of their homeland due to drought and famine, fought wars with neighboring civilizations, and were enslaved by the Egyptians. They endured a lot of struggles throughout their history. Their different periods of exile have been referred to as the diaspora, it's when the Jewish people were removed from their homeland.

Israel Religion

Practiced a monotheistic religion called Judaism.
Worship in synagogues, or temples. Read the Torah as their religious text.
Used Hebrew as their main language.
Moses received the 10 commandments from God. This set of laws helped define religious and moral boundaries for the Jewish people.

Israel Leaders

Abraham - Founder of Judaism
Moses - Prophet, freed slaves from Egypt
Saul - 1st King of Israel; United the 12 Tribes
David - 3rd King of Israel; Defeated the Philistines
Solomon - 4th King of Israel; Reign led to civil war