heart 2010

Delivering oxygen to tissues

Removing carbon dioxide and waste products

Producing hormones for growth

Circulating nutrients throughout the body

The left ventricle, directed toward the left hip

The right atrium, directed toward the right shoulder

The aorta, directed toward the head

The right ventricle, directed toward the right hip

Epicardium

Parietal pericardium

Serous fluid

Myocardium

Atria are receiving chambers, ventricles are discharging chambers

Ventricles are receiving chambers, atria are discharging chambers

Both atria and ventricles are receiving chambers

Both atria and ventricles are discharging chambers

Bicuspid valve

Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Aortic semilunar valve

Aorta

Pulmonary arteries

Vena cava

Pulmonary veins

Sinoatrial node

Atrioventricular bundle

Coronary sinus

Purkinje fibers

Atria contract, then ventricles contract, followed by relaxation of both

Ventricles contract first, then atria contract, followed by relaxation of both

Atria and ventricles contract at the same time, then both relax

Only atria contract during the cardiac cycle

Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction.

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute.

Cardiac output is calculated as stroke volume divided by heart rate.

Stroke volume usually varies greatly from beat to beat.

Parasympathetic nervous system activation

Increased venous return

Low blood pressure

Exercise

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

All of the above

Walls of arteries are the thickest

Lumens of veins are larger

Walls of capillaries are only one cell layer thick

All of the above

Arteries

Veins

True capillaries

Vascular shunts

To deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products

To produce hormones

To control body temperature

To digest food

capillaries

arteries

veins