Renal Doppler

Aorta

IVC

SMA

Iliac arteries

Uncontrolled hypertension

Decreasing renal function

Abdominal bruit

All of the above

Chronic renal disease

Renal artery disease

True renovascular hypertension

All of the above

It can lead to increased cognitive function due to higher nitrogen content in the brain

It may cause metabolic acidosis and cardiovascular instability

It enhances the respiratory system by stimulating increased oxygen uptake

It improves gastrointestinal function by promoting digestion

Atherosclerosis in the proximal renal artery

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Dissection of an aortic dissection

Renal artery stenosis less than 70%

Identify vascular etiology of hypertension

Prevent renal failure due to permanent parenchymal changes

Evaluate renal transplants for complications

All of the above

Overnight fast

Drink 16 oz of water

No chewing gum

All of the above

Direct method

Indirect method

Ultrasound method

CT scan method

7-9 cm

9-12 cm

12-15 cm

15-18 cm

The renal capsule is deep to the renal cortex

The renal pelvis is superficial to the renal medulla

The renal cortex is superficial to the renal medulla

The hilum is found on the lateral side of the kidney

renal medulla

renal cortex

renal pelvis

ureter

Scan laterally through intercostal space

Scan anteriorly

Scan from lateral or posterior planes

Measure kidney length

IVC and AO

SMA and IVC

Renal veins and arteries

Kidney and ureter

Aortic peak systolic velocity (PSV)

Aortic diastolic velocity

Celiac artery flow

Renal artery flow

High flow velocity (PSV 100 ± 20 cm/s)

Low resistance (RI < 0.75)

High diastolic flow vel. (EDV 30 ± 5 cm/s)

All of the above

Supine position

Prone position

Lateral decubitus

Sitting position

Peak diastolic velocity

Peak systolic velocity

Average velocity

Minimum velocity

To identify normal flow

To identify stenosis

To measure blood pressure

To assess heart rate

Regions of velocity decrease

Regions of velocity increase

Regions of normal flow

Regions of turbulence

Renal-Aortic Ratio (RAR) < 3.5

Peak systolic velocity (PSV) < 180 cm/sec

Post stenotic turbulence is absent

Low flow in distal renal artery

The highest velocity obtained in the renal artery divided by the peak velocity from the aorta

The average velocity of both arteries

The lowest velocity obtained in the renal artery divided by the peak velocity from the aorta

The total velocity of both arteries divided by two

To image main renal arteries directly

To assess flow within the kidney

To measure blood pressure

To scan through the liver

Presence of ESP

AT < 0.07 seconds

RI < 0.75

All of the above

Supine or slightly oblique

Right lateral decubitus

Lateral and/or flank approach

Use color Doppler

Acceleration time > 0.07-0.1 sec

Prolonged Acceleration Time > 0.1 sec

Loss of early systolic peak (ESP)

Reduced color flow in kidney, unilaterally