Valence Electrons and Ion Charges

To track valence electrons

To represent chemical bonds

To show atomic mass

To illustrate molecular geometry

No side can have more than two dots

Each side gets one dot before doubling up

Hydrogen has a single electron

Helium fills up with two electrons

Atoms become more stable by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.

Atoms are more stable with eight valence electrons.

Atoms tend to match the electron configurations of noble gases.

This tendency to have eight electrons is called the octet rule.

becomes more positive

becomes more negative

turns into an isotope

none of these

Gain; positively (+)

Gain; negatively (-)

Lose; positively (+)

Lose; negatively (-)

1

2

3

4

Gain; positively (+)

Gain; negatively (-)

Lose; positively (+)

Lose; negatively (-)

1

2

3

4

A cation has more electrons than protons

An anion has a positive charge

A cation is formed by gaining electrons

An anion is formed by losing electrons

Yes, 1-

No it is neutral

Yes, 1+

Can't be determined

larger

smaller

the same size

none of the above

larger

smaller

the same size

none of the above