Small, round, pea-sized structure

Controls all of the other glands in the body (but controlled by the hypothalamus

Anterior & Posterior lobes

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Pituitary Gland

​Anterior Lobe Hormones

​Growth Hormone- promotes the growth of body structures

Thyroid-stimulating hormone- affects the growth and functioning of the thyroid gland

Follicle-stimulating hormone- and Luteinizing hormone LH- gonadotropins>they act on the gonads/ovaries

Prolactin- mammary glands>produce milk

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) acts on adrenal glands  secrete glucocorticoids including cortisol.

​Posterior Lobe Hormones

• Oxytocin- contractions

• Antidiuretic hormone- acts on kidneys to increase the absorption of water

Tiny, pinecone shaped gland that sits behind the thalamus

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Pineal Gland

Influences the body's natural circadian rhythm

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Melatonin

• One of the largest

• Highly vascular

• Shaped like H, with two lobes

• Iodine

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Thyroid Gland

• Growth through childhood

• Metabolism

​​T3 and T4

• Regulates Calcium and phosphorus lvls

• Lowers blood calcium lvls

• Stimulates the uptake of calcium in bones

​​Calcitonin

• Posterior surface of thyroid gland

• Within thyroid connective tissue

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Parathyroid

helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Two triangle shaped glands on top of each kidney

Made up of
Outer layer- adrenal cortex
Inner layer- adrenal medulla

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Adrenal Gland

AKA- Adrenaline
Fight or Flight- physiological reaction to a perceived threat to survival/fright/stress/anger

​​Epinephrine

Plays a role in regulating and maintaining
The body's water and..
electrolyte balance

​​Aldosterone

Natural steroid
Works to decrease inflammation

​​Cortisol

Secondary sexual characteristics in males and females

​​Androgens

Long flat organ located in upper left quadrant

Endocrine and exocrine gland (digestive and endocrine systems

Primary function is blood sugar regulation

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Pancrease

Alpha Cells
Acts on the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
Helps meet energy needs during exercise and fast

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Glucagon

Insulin

Beta Cells
Stimulates cells to take up glucose from the blood
Excess glucose in the blood is stored as fat

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Two symmetrical lobes located in the mediastinum

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Thymus Gland

Helps differentiate T lymphocytes that are necessary for the immune system

Active role in the immune system in childhood

Shrinks with age

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Thymosin

AKA: Gonads (Testes and Ovaries)

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Reproductive Glands

​Secondary sexual characteristics
Vital in menstrual cycle
prevention of osteoporosis

Estrogen

​Prepares uterus for pregnancy
Helps support developing fetus

Progesterone

Male secondary sexual characteristics
Deep voice
facial and pubic hair
muscle development
production of sperm

Testosterone

Hormone Quiz