1. ARTICULATION

-refers to the clear pronunciation or diction and speech which is very essential in effectively transmitting the message
-it also includes proper breathing techniques correct production of sounds
-this also highlights proper word choice and grammatical correctness in speech writing

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2. MODULATION

-refers to the capability of the vocal tone to adjust to the resonance and timbre of the voice
-voice quality is the key when we speak about modulation
-if the speaker produces a well-modulated voice, the audience will pay attention to what he/she will say

3. STAGE PRESENCE

-refers to the ability of the speaker to "own the stage" and be able to project his/her personality
-a good speaker would always feel fear in speaking in front of an audience but should also overcome it because there is a need to deliver the speech successfully

4. Facial expressions, gestures, and movements

-these principles aim to reinforced the message of the speech and make an effective speaker
-facial expressions should change with the content of the speech
-gestures and movements highlights the points being emphasized and directed to the audience

5. rapport with audience

-refers to establishing connection with the audience through audience analysis
-using these data, the speaker will have an idea on how would his/her speech would appeal to the audience