The Umbilical Cord
Presentation
•
Health Sciences
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University
•
Practice Problem
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Medium
Megan Mullins
Used 3+ times
FREE Resource
46 Slides • 22 Questions
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Multiple Choice
Which structures fuse during the first 5 weeks of gestation to form the umbilical cord?
Omphalomesenteric (yolk stalk) and allantoic ducts
Amniotic cavity and yolk sac
Placenta and chorion
Wharton's jelly and umbilical vein
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Multiple Choice
What are the main components included within the umbilical cord?
Two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein
One umbilical artery and two umbilical veins
Three umbilical arteries
Two umbilical veins and one umbilical artery
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Multiple Choice
What happens to the umbilical arteries after birth?
remain functional after birth.
turn into the aorta.
are absorbed by the placenta.
become the medial umbilical ligaments.
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Fill in the Blanks
The umbilical vein's primary function is to transport
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Multiple Choice
Based on the sonographic appearance, what are two key features to assess in the umbilical cord during gestation?
Cord twist and number of umbilical arteries
Cord length and fetal heart rate
Placental thickness and amniotic fluid volume
Maternal blood pressure and fetal movement
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Multiple Choice
In the ultrasound image, which vessel is identified as the largest within the umbilical cord?
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Multiple Select
Which of the following statements about the twists of the umbilical cord are correct?
Cord can coil up to 40 times due to fetal movement.
A left helix is more common than a right helix.
Twist is determined by ultrasound only.
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Multiple Choice
What is the clinical significance of a 'right' twist in the umbilical cord?
It is associated with a higher incidence of fetal anomalies.
It indicates normal fetal development.
It increases the risk of umbilical cord prolapse.
It has no clinical significance.
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the herniation of bowel loops outside the fetal abdomen without a covering membrane?
Gastroschisis
Omphalocele
Umbilical hernia
Omphalomesenteric cyst
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Fill in the Blanks
Umbilical herniation occurs when intestines return normally and then herniate again either prenatally or postnatally through an inadequately closed
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Multiple Select
Which of the following statements about omphalomesenteric cysts is/are correct?
They are caused by persistence and dilation of a segment of the omphalomesenteric duct.
They are always found far from the fetal insertion.
They may be up to 6 cm in size.
They affect females more than males.
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Hemangioma
lArises from the transepithelial cells of the vessels of the cord
lSurrounded by edema and Wharton’s jelly
lFound at the vessels and may involve more than one vessel
lRare
lSize varies; up to 15 cm
lWhen found near the placenta, associated with hydrops
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Multiple Choice
What is the primary function of the umbilical cord?
To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
To remove waste from the mother's body
To regulate the mother's heartbeat
To protect the fetus from infections
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Multiple Choice
Which one of the following umbilical cord entanglements in the fetus is the most common?
nuchal cord
true knot
false knot
hematoma
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Multiple Choice
The normal length of the umbilical cord measures _______cm.
20-35
40-60
30-50
60-90
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Multiple Choice
If a single umbilical artery is seen, the sonographer should search for which one of the following?
gastroschisis
esophageal atresia
genitourinary defect
umbilical hernia
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Multiple Choice
Which one of the following occurs when the cord inserts into the membranes before it enters the placenta?
prolapse
velamentous insertion
battledore placenta
vasa previa
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following problems may lead to inadequate fetal descent?
long cord
twisted cord
short cord
ruptured cord
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Multiple Choice
Thrombosis of the umbilical vessels is most common in which one of the following?
right umbilical artery
left umbilical artery
umbilical vein
hypogastric arteries
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Multiple Choice
The presence of umbilical vessels crossing the internal os of the cervix is called which one of the following?
placenta previa
cord prolapse
vasa previa
velamentous cord
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Multiple Choice
A short cord measures less than ___cm.
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30
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40
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Multiple Choice
A para-umbilical defect involving all layers of the abdominal wall is called which one of the following?
omphalocele
umbilical herniation
gastroschisis
amniotic band syndrome
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Multiple Choice
A long umbilical cord measures greater than ____cm.
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80
100
120
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