2.5: Migration Types & Causes

Immigrate means to move to a country, emigrate means to move away from a country.

Immigrate means to move within a country, emigrate means to move between countries.

Immigrate means to move temporarily, emigrate means to move permanently.

Immigrate means to move for work, emigrate means to move for family.

Internal migration

Transnational migration

Forced migration

Seasonal migration

The Atlantic Slave Trade bringing Africans to the Americas

People moving for job opportunities

Families relocating for education

Seasonal farm workers traveling for harvest

A person who migrates for work opportunities.

A person forced to migrate to another country due to conflict, violence, or disasters and cannot return for fear of persecution.

A person who travels for tourism.

A person who moves within their own country for education.

Some countries are both major sources and destinations for refugees.

Most refugees originate from countries experiencing conflict or instability.

Countries with the largest refugee populations of origin are always the largest destinations for asylum seekers.

Refugees often seek asylum in neighboring countries.

IDPs cross international borders, refugees do not.

Refugees migrate for economic reasons, IDPs for natural disasters.

IDPs do not cross international borders, while refugees do.

There is no difference.

South America

Europe

East Asia

Australia

Chain migration

Step migration

Forced migration

Transhumance

A person who migrates permanently to another country for family reasons.

A person with temporary permission to immigrate and work in another country, usually in manual labor jobs.

A person who migrates seasonally with animals for food.

A person who moves through a series of smaller moves to reach a destination.

Seasonal movement based on food availability

Migration for manual labor jobs

Movement to mountain pastures in warmer months

Movement to lower altitudes in colder months

More work opportunities

Higher wages

Presence of friends and family

Favorable taxation

Conflict between classes or ethnicities

High crime rate

Lack of rights

Extreme climate

Forced migration occurs due to external pressures such as conflict or disaster, while voluntary migration is based on personal choice.

Forced migration is always international, while voluntary migration is always internal.

Voluntary migration only happens for economic reasons, while forced migration only happens for political reasons.

Forced migration is temporary, while voluntary migration is permanent.