AP Bio CH 3 and 4

Covalent bonds occur between atoms within a water molecule, while hydrogen bonds occur between different water molecules.

Covalent bonds are weaker than hydrogen bonds.

Hydrogen bonds occur within a water molecule, while covalent bonds occur between water molecules.

Both covalent and hydrogen bonds occur only between water molecules.

Temperature is the amount of heat in a substance, while heat is the average kinetic energy of molecules.

Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of molecules, while heat is thermal energy in transfer from one body to another.

Temperature is the same as heat, both measure energy in a substance.

Temperature is measured in calories, while heat is measured in degrees Celsius.

It allows large bodies of water to store heat and moderate climate.

It means water heats up and cools down very quickly.

It helps organisms resist rapid temperature changes.

It is unrelated to hydrogen bonding.

Because ice is denser than liquid water.

Because hydrogen bonds in ice keep molecules farther apart, making ice less dense than liquid water.

Because ice contains more air bubbles. The air bubbles move the molecules of water further apart and therefore cause the ice to float.

Because water molecules in ice are closer together than in liquid water.

Water dissolves only ionic compounds like salt.

Water dissolves both ionic and polar compounds due to its polarity.

Water dissolves only nonpolar molecules like oil.

Water cannot dissolve large molecules like proteins.

They are nonpolar.

They form hydrogen bonds with water.

They dissolve easily in water.

They tend to repel water.

Acids increase the hydrogen ion concentration, while bases decrease it.

Acids decrease the hydrogen ion concentration, while bases increase it.

Both acids and bases increase the hydrogen ion concentration.

Acids and bases have no effect on hydrogen ion concentration.

Buffers minimize changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions.

Buffers only work in acidic solutions.

Buffers work by consistently increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Buffers are only found in laboratory settings.

Hydrogen bonding

Ionic bonding

Covalent bonding

Van der Waals forces