C1.1 Enzymes and Metabolism

It binds specifically to the substrate to form an enzyme-substrate complex.

It provides energy for the reaction.

It breaks down the enzyme itself.

It transports molecules across membranes.

They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

They are used up in reactions.

They slow down metabolic processes.

They only function outside of cells.

Enzyme-Substrate Specificity

Active Site

Photosynthesis

Activation Energy

They are globular proteins that act as catalysts.

They are carbohydrates that provide energy.

They are nucleic acids that store genetic information.

They are lipids that form cell membranes.

Metabolism involves a network of chemical reactions.

Enzymes increase the rate of metabolic reactions.

Enzymes are permanently changed after reactions.

Enzymes act as catalysts in metabolic reactions.

Protein synthesis from amino acids

Hydrolysis of starch into glucose

Oxidation of substrates in respiration

Digestion of macromolecules

Anabolism breaks down complex molecules, catabolism builds them up.

Anabolism releases energy, catabolism requires energy.

Anabolism synthesizes complex molecules from simpler ones, catabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones.

Anabolism involves hydrolysis, catabolism involves condensation.

It is the region where substrates bind and are catalysed to products.

It is composed of a few amino acids.

It has a complementary shape and chemistry to the substrate.

It is always located at the center of the enzyme.

The substrate induces the active site of the enzyme to change shape.

Any substrate can enter any enzyme's active site.

Active sites are specific to one type of substrate.

The substrate approaches and enters the active site of the enzyme.

Enzyme-substrate complex

Product

Reactant

Active site

Particles must have sufficient energy and correct orientation.

Particles must be large and slow-moving.

Particles must be in a liquid state.

Particles must be charged.

It binds to the substrate to catalyze a reaction.

It breaks down the enzyme.

It provides energy for the reaction.

It stores genetic information.