​What we will cover

• ​describe and analyse the processes involved in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water

• ​solubility and solubility rules

• ​solubility product

• ​Ksp calculations

​Dissolution of Ionic Compounds

• ​separating of positive and negative ions from a solid ionic compound, forming hydrated ions when dissolved in water = dissociation

  • ​ionic bonds in lattice are broken

  • ​hydrogen bonds in water are broken

  • ​ion-dipole attractions form between ions and polar water molecules

​Solubility

• ​soluble or insoluble

  • ​the energy required to separate the ions from the lattice is greater than the energy released when the ions are hydrated

• ​maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of a solvent

​Solubility Rules

• ​Revision from Year 11

• ​Reality is that ionic substances that are classified as insoluble, can still dissolve to some extent

• ​Solubility depends on the difference in the energy required to separate the ions from the lattice, and the energy released when the ions are hydrated

​Saturated Solutions

• ​contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a particular temperature

• ​we should call bsolids, sparingly soluble

  • ​e.g. NaCl solutions are