pH Indicators

Litmus Indicator

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Acid: Red

Alkaline: Blue​

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pH indicator​

Methyl orange​

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Acid: Red

Neutral: Orange

Alkali: Yellow​

pH indicator​

phenolphthalein

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​Acid: Colourless

Neutral: Colourless

Alkaline: Pink​

pH indicator​

Universal indicator can be used to determine the approximate pH value of solution. ​

Scientist divided the atmosphere into 5 layers based on altitude, temperature and pressure.​

Troposphere​

• Complicated weather conditions

• Densest layer, highest air pressure​

Atmosphere | Chemistry

Stratosphere​

• Clear weather, high visibility, suitable for commercial plane flight.

• It has ozone layer to protect the Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays.

Atmosphere | Chemistry

Mesosphere​

• Coldest layer.

• Protects the Earth from meteoroids.

Atmosphere | Chemistry

Thermosphere​

• Hottest layer

• Ionosphere

• Used for distance communication

• Auroras

Atmosphere | Chemistry

Exosphere​

• Lowest density and lowest air pressure

• Contains hydrogen and inert helium gas

Atmosphere | Chemistry