Kinetic Particle Theory

​Sub-topics

• Matter

• States on Matter

• Interconversion between states of matter

• Heating Curve and Cooling Curve

• Diffusion​

What is Matter?

What's the Matter?

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Wood, stone, water, you

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Sun, earth, moon, stars, blackhole​

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Air, atoms, molecules, ions​

Examples of Matter

Everything is Matter.

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Definition:

Anything that takes up space and​ have mass

Matter

Three States of Matter

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1. Solid

2. liquid

3. Gas​

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Plasma is the 4th state of matter (not for Olevel)

​States of Matter

Kinetic Particle Theory

​Movement of Particles

Particles are always in 'CONSTANT MOTION'

• Rotate

• Vibrate

• Translate (move around)​

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Particles will absorb energy (heat energy) and become energetic

meaning; vibrate, rotate faster and translate / move around faster.​

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Kinetic Particle Theory

Intermolecular forces of attraction between Particles

Particles are always in 'ATTRACTED TO EACH OTHER'

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• constantly forming 'intermolecular forces of attractions between particles/one another'

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• If they get separated new forces of attraction will form​ when it gets closer to another particle.

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There forces is what holds the molecules/particles together in the solid and liquid states.

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Intermolecular Forces of Attractions

There forces is what holds the molecules/particles together in the solid and liquid states.

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Intermolecular Forces of Attractions

​What happens during interconversions between states in terms of KPT

​Think what is its state before and after

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Talk about its particles;

• ​Arrangement (rigid?, fix shaped?)

• movement (vibration?, rotation?, moving?, speed?)​

• ​spaces between particles (small? large? Spread out?)

KPT| Chemistry

Use all the information and form sentences to answer questions

​What happens when ice melts in terms of KPT

​Before

• ​Particles in ice are in their rigid, fixed positions

• Vibrating, rotating in its fixed position

• ​With very small spaces between particles

After

• ​Particles absorb heat energy (from the surrounding)

• Vibrating and rotating faster

• ​spaces between particles increases

• particles form clumps and irregular in shape ​

KPT| Chemistry

Heating Curve

Understand the axes:

​y-axis - temperature

x-axis - ​heat absorbed by particle

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A to B: particle absorbing heat

B to C: intermolecular forces between particles breaking (heat energy is absorbed by I.forces)

C to D: particles absorbing heat

D to E: ​All intermolecular forces between particles breaking (heat energy is absorbed by I.forces)

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Heating Curve

Understand the axes:

​y-axis - temperature

x-axis - ​heat absorbed by particle

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A to B: particle absorbing heat

B to C: intermolecular forces between particles breaking (heat energy is absorbed by I.forces)

C to D: particles absorbing heat

D to E: ​All intermolecular forces between particles breaking (heat energy is absorbed by I.forces)

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Heating Curve

Understand the axes:

​y-axis - temperature

x-axis - ​time

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A to B: particle absorbing heat

B to C: intermolecular forces between particles breaking (heat energy is absorbed by I.forces)

C to D: particles absorbing heat

D to E: ​All intermolecular forces between particles breaking (heat energy is absorbed by I.forces)

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