Nietzsche

Existentialism deals with the problem of being, i.e., exploring the meaning, purpose, and value of our existence.

Theism is the general belief in the existence of a diving power governing the universe.

Humanism is a philosophical approach who take humanity and reason as the starting point for the construction of moral inquiry (as opposed to theism).

Communism is a foundational theory describing the order and structure of a communist state; it is thought of as the 'practical manifestation' of Marxism.

Marxism is a political theory of class relations and social transformation; was the ideological basis of communism.

Protestantism is a branch of Christianity (protestants) founded during the Reformation period.

'God is dead' was a statement by Friedrich Nietzsche, part of a larger sentence: "God is dead! God remains dead! And we have killed him!"

Nietzsche, who lived in the age after the Enlightenment, thought that the recent scientific and technological advances led to a decline in the importance of religion and God in the European world. Humans no longer felt like the only purpose on Earth was to serve God, so we no longer needed God to govern life, as philosophy and science took its place. Humanity no longer revolved around God.

Nietzsche's 'crisis of nihilism' was to say, because the European world before the 17th century revolved so heavily around God to derive the meaning of life, "the death of God" now meant there is no meaning of life.

Over the years, the concept of nihilism spread and grew. Today, nihilism is a philosophy founded on the rejection of all religious and moral principles, in the belief that life is meaningless.