Electrical Components

An electrical appliance is made up of different components. These components are connected to form an electric circuit.

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A simple electric circuit is made up of four components.

• Energy source

• Wires

• Output device

• Switch

Electric Circuit​

​Output Device : An output device is an electrical appliance that uses electricity to work. There are many different types of output devices, such as buzzers, small electric fans, and light bulbs.

​Switch : A switch controls the flow of the electric current in a circuit.

The switch needs to be closed in order for the electric current to flow in the circuit.

There are different types of switches.

​Energy Source : The battery is an energy source.

A battery has two terminals – positive (+ve) and negative (-ve). There are chemicals inside the battery that react to produce an electric current when the positive and negative terminals are connected.

​Wires : Wires are electrical conductors. They are used to connect one component of the circuit to another for electric current to flow.

Electric Circuit​

Electric Circuit​

​It is easier for us to represent an electric circuit using a circuit diagram. Circuit diagrams help us understand how the components of an electric circuit are connected together.

Electric Circuit​

​A series circuit is a circuit that has components which are connected such that there is only one path for the electric current to flow through. Here are some examples of series circuits.

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​series

Electric Circuit​

​• Advantage :

We can add more energy source or batteries to the circuits to make the output of the appliance more powerful. In the case of the torch below, this means that bulb will light up brighter.

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• Disadvantage :

The output of the appliance will drop if we connect more output devices together in the series. This means that if a series circuit has two bulbs, the bulbs will not light up as brightly as a series circuit with only one bulb. Also, if one bulb is blown, the other bulbs

will not light up.

​A parallel circuit is a circuit that has parts which are connected such that there are more than one path for the electric current to flow through. Here are some examples of parallel circuits.

Electric Circuit​

PARALLEL

• Advantage :

Even if the bulb is blown, the other bulbs will still work. This is because in a parallel circuit, the electric current has more than one path to flow through. If one output device is broken, then no electric current will flow through that path. As the other paths are not affected, electric current can still flow through them.

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• Disadvantage :

That we cannot make the bulbs light up brighter by connecting more energy sources in parallel  connection.

Electric Circuit​

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