Correlation, Causation, and Line of Best Fit
Presentation
•
Mathematics
•
9th Grade
•
Hard
Joseph Anderson
FREE Resource
4 Slides • 16 Questions
1
Correlation vs Causation
by Lauren Wisehart
2
Correlation
Two sets of data can have a relationship called correlation. It can be positive or negative.
Positive Correlation- the values INCREASE together.
Negative Correlation- when one value INCREASES the other DECREASES.
Linear Correlation- the correlation resembles a LINE
3
Correlation Coefficient (r)
Correlation Coefficient (r) describes the strength and direction of the correlation.
r values can not be less than -1 or greater than +1. This can be written as the inequality -1 < r < 1
4
Multiple Choice
Number of steps taken per day and number of kilometers walked per day. r=.92
strong positive
strong negative
weak positive
weak negative
5
Multiple Choice
Average time spent listening to music per day and average time spent watching TV per day. r=−.17
strong positive
strong negative
weak positive
weak negative
6
Multiple Choice
Car weight and distance traveled using a full tank of gas. r=−.86
strong positive
strong negative
weak positive
weak negative
7
Multiple Choice
Estimate the correlation coefficient for this scatterplot.
A) r = 1.2
B) r = 0.89
C)r = 0
D) r = -0.89
8
Multiple Choice
Estimate the correlation coefficient for this scatterplot.
A) r = -0.9
B) r = 1
C) r = 0.9
D) r = -1
9
Multiple Choice
Estimate the correlation coefficient
r = 1
r = -1
r ≈ -0.8
r ≈ 0.8
r ≈ -0.5
10
Multiple Choice
11
Multiple Choice
Amount of Education and Amount of income
Positive Correlation
Negative Correlation
No Correlation
12
Multiple Choice
Number of days absent from school vs. math average
Positive Correlation
Negative Correlation
No Correlation
13
Multiple Choice
Test scores vs. shoe sizes
Positive Correlation
Negative Correlation
No Correlation
14
Multiple Choice
Distance traveled vs. amount of gas in the car
Positive Correlation
Negative Correlation
No Correlation
15
Correlation vs. Causation
Causation means that x makes y happen. For example, the more cash you spend, the less cash you will have. This example has a correlation AND causation.
BUT… Correlation ≠ Causation.
Example: There may be a correlation between the number of glue sticks in a classroom and the number of students in a classroom. However, adding glue sticks to a classroom does not make more students be in the classroom.
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Multiple Choice
Which one of these examples is NOT an example of CAUSATION?
Kryptonite causes Superman to lose all his powers.
Temperatures of less than 32˚F cause water to freeze.
Umbrellas cause rainstorms.
Stepping on the gas pedal causes a car to move faster.
17
Multiple Choice
Which example shows CAUSATION? (Which one CAUSED the other to happen.)
High social media usage and reduced grades.
Car ran out of gas and being stranded on the side of the road.
Recess time and number of friends.
18
Multiple Choice
Which example shows CAUSATION? (Which one CAUSED the other to happen.)
Rainfall and time spent reading.
Eating more butter and increased divorce rates.
It started raining and the baseball game was delayed.
19
Multiple Choice
Which example shows CORRELATION? (The events show correlation, but one thing does NOT cause the other thing to happen.)
I put water in the freezer and now I have ice.
The alarm clock went off and I woke up.
Temperature and the amount of people at the beach.
20
Multiple Choice
Which example shows a CORRELATION? (The events show correlation, but one thing does NOT cause the other thing to happen.)
It rained and the ground is wet.
Ice cream sales increase as temperature increases.
Correlation vs Causation
by Lauren Wisehart
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