Citing Text

There are two ways to citing evidence in your essay:

1. Use a signal phrase

2. Use an in-text citation

There are two ways to citing evidence in your essay:

1. Use a signal phrase

2. Use an in-text citation

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• Shows the reader where you got your information from

• States the AUTHOR or ARTICLE TITLE

• Uses parenthesis​ ( )

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EXAMPLES:

(O'Brien)

("Does Free Community College Work?")

In-text citations are short and sweet!​

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Use them at the end of a sentence that provides evidence.

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For example: "16 and 17 year-olds voted at four times the rate than older people ("The case for lowering the voting age")."​

• Write your sentence with evidence (either directly quoted or paraphrased/summarized)

• Refer to the author's last name, or if there is no author, the article title (in quotation marks)

• Place this in parentheses ( )

• Put a period after the parentheses

• place in parentheses ( )

• use the author's last name OR article title (if there is no listed author)

• For article titles, place them in quotations " "

• Put a period outside the parentheses ( ).

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In-text citations are short and sweet!​

Signal Phrases signal where you got your information from by stating the AUTHOR or ARTICLE TITLE (if there is no listed author)

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EXAMPLES: ​

According to Jones, ​sleep is essential to the brain's development during the teen years.

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In "Why Representation Matters," ​the author states that having a teacher of color can help increase the number of minority students who graduate.

• Write a phrase that leads into your evidence

• Refer to the author's last name, or if there is no author, the article title (in quotation marks)

• Place your evidence

review + practice

You must CITE using a SIGNAL PHRASE or IN-TEXT CITATION whenever you refer to research and evidence ( ideas that are not your own).

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Also remember: copying and pasting a paragraph from a source and putting quotes around it is STILL plagiarism!​

• place in parentheses ( )

• use the author's last name OR article title (if there is no listed author)

• For article titles, place them in quotations " "

• Put a period outside the parentheses ( ).

• EXAMPLES: (Walters) (Gehman) ("Pizza Facts You Never Knew")

• Write a phrase that introduces your evidence

• use the author's last name OR article title (if there is no listed author)

• For article titles, place them in quotations " "

• Then, place your evidence

• EXAMPLES: According to Lutz, According to "How to Eat Pizza Properly,"